Gum recession refers to the gradual loss of gum tissue as it pulls away from the teeth. There are a variety of causes for receding gums from periodontal disease to overly vigorous brushing. Whatever the cause, gum recession exposes the upper portion of the root, resulting in sensitivity, an increased risk of decay, and cosmetic concerns.
Unfortunately gum tissue does not regenerate on its own, meaning that professional treatment is necessary to resolve the issue. Gum grafting is a common procedure used to replace lost gum tissue. In this article we will discuss the various methods and techniques used for gum grafting to help you determine the best option for you.
What Causes Gum Recession?
- Periodontal disease. More commonly known as gum disease, this bacterial infection of the gum tissue causes recession.
- Overly vigorous brushing. Brushing too hard or too fast can irritate your gums, leading to inflammation that causes the gums to pull away from the teeth.
- Genetics. Some people have a genetic predisposition to receding gums. Ask your biological parents or siblings if they have experienced gum recession as well.
- Teeth grinding. Chronic teeth grinding puts pressure on the teeth and their support structures, which can cause inflammation that leads to gum recession.
- Tobacco use. Smoking or chewing tobacco restricts the circulation in your oral tissues, resulting in inflammation and lack of resistance to infection.
Signs You May Have Receding Gums
- Sensitivity. If you have sudden or severe sensitivity to hot, cold, and sweets, it may indicate that your roots are exposed. Tooth roots are softer and more porous than the enamel of the crown, allowing irritants to affect the nerves inside the tooth.
- Long teeth. Your teeth may look longer if your gums have receded, giving you a more aged smile.
- Black triangles. The dark spaces between the teeth where the gum tissue has receded can look like black triangles.
Why Gum Grafting May Be Recommended
In cases of severe gum recession or if the symptoms are bothersome, gum grafting may be recommended. There are several reasons:
Exposed tooth roots are susceptible to decay, as the root tissue is softer and less protected. This can lead to cavities that pose a higher risk to the overall health and structure of the tooth. Root canal treatment is more likely to be necessary in these cases.
Gum recession will continue to worsen without treatment. The gums will pull away further, leaving more exposed root material and eventually leading to bone loss in the jaw. Gum grafting can stop the progression and replace lost tissue, providing a reset.
Cosmetic concerns are another reason for gum grafting. Improving smile aesthetics and supporting overall periodontal health is a win-win situation for patients.
Connective Tissue Grafts: The Most Common Option
A connective tissue graft uses your own oral tissue to replace lost gum tissue. The graft is taken from the sublayer of tissue from the upper palate (roof of the mouth) and sutured into place over the exposed root. As the tissue heals it firmly attaches to the root, providing protection and support with a natural appearance.
While connective tissue grafts serve multiple purposes, they are the primary technique for cosmetic gum grafting due to the natural look they achieve.
Free Gingival Grafts: Strengthening Thin Gums
A free gingival graft also uses tissue from the upper palate, but harvests the top layer of tissue rather than the sublayer. The graft is sutured into place over the existing gum tissue that is in need of reinforcement. As it heals it bonds with the existing gum tissue to form a thicker, stronger gumline.
The free gingival graft method is used in cases where the existing gum tissue is thin or weakened, but still intact. It can stop recession from worsening.
Pedicle Grafts: Using Nearby Gum Tissue
A pedicle graft is a technique that uses gum tissue adjacent to the recession area to supplement lost gum tissue. The existing gum tissue is shifted or stretched over the exposed root, then sutured into place. The tissue is still connected to the original blood supply, allowing it to heal more quickly for faster results. And there is no additional surgical site in the upper palate.
This method is usually recommended for patients with an adequate amount of healthy gum tissue near the site of gum recession.
How Periodontists Determine the Best Gum Graft Option
Your dentist’s recommendation for gum grafting treatment will depend on the following factors:
- Severity and location of recession. The further your gums have receded and the more difficult the area is to access are determining factors for the type of graft procedure.
- Patient health. Your oral health as well as your overall health affects healing rates and may influence your periodontist’s recommendation for treatment.
- Tissue thickness. The thickness of the existing gum tissue at and near the site of recession will make some gum grafting options better than others.
- Cosmetic goals. If your primary concern is the appearance of your smile, your treatment plan should reflect that.
A customized approach leads to better, and longer lasting outcomes for patients. Schedule a consultation with Hudson Valley Periodontics and Implantology today to get a professional recommendation.
Frequently Asked Questions About Gum Grafting
Is gum grafting painful?
Modern anesthesia provides a comfortable experience, whatever gum grafting procedure your periodontist recommends. Sedation options are also available for patients in need of additional relaxation assistance.
How long does it take for a gum graft to heal?
Recovery following the procedure can take a few days to a week, with full healing in a matter of weeks or sometimes months depending on the type of graft and your personal rate of healing.
Can gum recession come back after treatment?
Yes, your gums can begin to recede again after treatment unless you commit to good oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance (if necessary) to address underlying causes.
Are gum grafts covered by dental insurance?
Dental insurance may cover gum grafting, but it depends on medical necessity and the specifications of your plan.
Can gum grafting improve the appearance of my smile?
Yes, gum grafting can help create a more balanced and healthy-looking gumline while reducing the appearance of long or uneven teeth caused by recession. Many patients choose treatment for both functional and cosmetic benefits.
At Hudson Valley Periodontics and Implant Dentistry we are committed to helping patients protect their smiles through advanced periodontal care and personalized treatment plans. Our team provides comprehensive solutions for gum health, dental implants, and restorative procedures in a welcoming and patient-focused environment. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.